Males tend to get a hump on their heads, be more colorful, longer fin extensions, and act like males
It takes them awhile to mature but like Buddha says, they can get every bit of 14" (or bigger) given the right conditions / time.
P. synspilum is now considered a junior synonym of P. melanurus...so they scientists now call them P. melanurus.
McMahan, Caleb D.; 2011; "
Paraneetroplus synspilus is a junior synonym of
Paraneetroplus melanurus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)";
Zootaxa; (n. 2833), pp. 1-14 (
crc03297)
Here's the abstract of the paper (from Cichlid Room Companion):
http://www.cichlidae.com/library/abstract.php?id=3297
Matt