The ph controller is like a timer, but instead of using time, it uses ph levels. It's used to keep the ph within a certain parameters, the ph hits the lower parameter it turns on, the ph hits the upper parameter it turns the CO2 off. I personally used it for a while myself, but no longer do. I don't like the extra maintenance of cleaning the probe as well as calibrating. And the probes don't always last forever, I had a couple go bad on me to where I could no longer calibrate, so had to get new probes. A timer is much easier, I have the CO2 turn on at lights on, and turn off at lights off. And for the bubble counter, I have mine set at around 1.5 bubbles per second. This is a good starting point, and you can always adjust up or down to reach your target ph levels, which is your target CO2 level.