3M 5200 will stick to almost anything. I think you may be overthinking it with the tape/foam idea. If you mount the glass to the inside, the water pressure will hold the glass tight to the pond liner. The real problem is that the pond liner is floppy, so when there's no water in the tank, the glass, even if firmly glued to the liner, will fall out of place. I've seen a number of builds where acrylic is used, with bolts through it holding it in place, or where glass is used, a frame is constructed inside the tank to support the glass. The silicone then only really has to be a gasket. Ideally it bonds firmly to both surfaces, but even if it won't, it works like an O-ring seal around the front. Adding tape around the glass doesn't sound like it would contribute to the integrity of the seal.