The formula that you will probably need is
P=IV
or
Power(Watts) = Current(Amps) x Volts
On each piece of equipment, you will find a tag or imprint with the specs. You will need to convert all to either Watts or Amps (depending on how your power company charges for electricity).
When everything is converted to the same units, then you can make comparisons as to what is efficient and what is not. I have found that not all equipment is created equal in terms of power consumption. For instance, comparing pumps for a friends wet/dry, I found that two seemingly equal pumps differed in their power consumption by more than double.
Types of lighting can also save lots of electricity. Hot burning lights such as incandescent and metal halides are huge energy hogs. Florescent lights consume a third or less than incandescent. LED's consume about a tenth of florescent bulbs. Additionally, instead of running lights all the time, it will be beneficial to put your lights on a timer. Have the lights turn on only when everyone is normally home (you can still turn them on manually with the timer).
Another thing that I found out is that air pumps are much more efficient than water pumps. I have four smaller tanks running off of one air pump by using sponge filters. I also have an air pump on a 75g saltwater tank that powers the under gravel filters, and two sponge filters. You can drive a surprising amount of filtration from air pumps.