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For some species of cichlids, males and females are easy to sex just by visual differences like their color, shape, size, & fins. For others it is difficult or even impossible to tell the sexes apart. However, there are several techniques for determining a fish's gender.
The only 100% accurate way to determine gender is called 'venting' which I will go over below but there are some other way to 'indicate' weather you 'may' have a male or female, however this is not completely accurate but a mere guess. You can start by looking at the anal fins. A males anal find will come to a point where as a females will be more blunt. Males usually have more of a bright vivid color, where females are usually more of a drab color. Males tend to be bigger in size & most male Central American Cichlids develop a hump on their head.
Sexing a fish is also known as Venting. This involves removing the fish (with wet hands) and examining their dorsal side, looking for the genital pore between their anus and anal fin.
Venting can be pretty tough at first because male & female fish genatalia look the same but once you get the hang of it, it becomes much more easy. It was very tough for me at first so I will try to be a thorough as I can, Keep in mind though that when cichlids are young it will be harder to vent. When they get to be about 4" to 5" it is much easier.
To vent some people take the fish right out of the water to look but I suggest leaving that to the experts since it is very stressful on the fish. You can quite easily take a peek when the fish is at the top of the tank. A little trick is to feed them & then crouch down to peek.
Now, the vent (gender) is the part you will be looking at to determine the sex. This is located in between the anal fin & anus. When the female is in breeding you will see her vent tube (egg tube) which is usually clear, will drop & be visible. Below is the difference between the female & males vent area to help you differentiate the two & compare;
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Females--------The vent is more think & the tip is blunt (more round) & is pointed towards the anus. A females vent will look like an upside down triangle little nub & it won't be extended most of the time.
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[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Helvetica][FONT=Verdana, Arial, Helvetica] Males......The vent is thin & the tip is pointy & is pointed towards the head or straight down. Usually a males vent will be extended most of the time. It is as pointed as a pencil tip.[/FONT][/FONT]
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