Hello; Could be we are in a similar page or could be we are way off from each other. Devil in the details sort of thing. I kinda think so far we may be a bit apart.I agree sponges filters are incredible and undoubtedly work. However when you have multiple tanks, a busy family and work life it can be difficult to schedule a 40 percent water change every other day among other things. I believe the ultimate goal is to create the healthiest environment for your fish to thrive. There are many roads that reach the same goal, heavy filtration works well for my lifestyle as it buffers my time. I think the question should be. If using sponge filters can I fit in the necessary time required to maintain my tanks health? This a rewarding hobby but it takes a lot of work. Anyone can buy a fish, few can cultivate their true potential.
Most home aquaria are closed systems and way too small to have the same sort of moderating effects found in a natural body of water. Being a closed system means everything that goes into a tank stays in the tank with few exceptions. The only effective way I know of is to dilute these accumulating things with a series of WC.
Heavy filtration does get the unsightly physical stuff (detritus) out of sight and does have the advantage of concentrating detritus in a way that makes removing it more simple. We do have to remove the detritus tho. Unless we actually remove that detritus from the closed system on a regular basis the effect is the same as if it were allowed to rot while spread thru out a tank. Tank looks better is a visual benefit I suppose. To use Duanes example, you do not have to see dog poo if it is under the rug but it is still in your house.
Aside from the physical lumps of stuff in a closed system there are numerous chemical compounds that accumulate in a closed system the power filters do nothing about with few exceptions. The main exception is the nitrogen cycle which converts the very toxic ammonia to nitrite and the nitrite to somewhat less toxic nitrate. Even tho less toxic the nitrates are not considered safe by most of us. A power filter can have dedicated surfaces for the bb to colonize.
My take is there are a number of other compounds dissolved or mixed in the water itself. Excretions from the fish and other living things and decay byproducts are some known examples. We can test for a small subset of the total number of things in the water itself that determine overall water quality and about which a power filter can do nothing.
There are a few ways to lessen the impact on water quality in a closed system. Very light stocking density and the use of live plants come to mind and can buy us time between a WC. But unless I am way off base the only good way to effectively deal with overall water quality in some level of regular WC. The last decade or so I have gone to very light stocking and the use of lots of live plants. I harvest the plants from time to time to make a difference.
All the stuff I just wrote boils down to me that a sponge filter operated tank can be pretty much the same as a heavy power filtered tank in terms of a WC schedule. In the sponge run tank the detritus is spread out all over so will make removal more of a chore where as the power filter can have it in a more handy place for removal.