My commercial sump is about 7.5 gallons and is very effective for my 110g tank. It is pretty much a single chamber for bio balls with caged off portion for easy access to the sump. There are probably about 5 gallons of bio balls in the bio ball chamber.
While all of the above reasons for a large sump are very valid they are not a necessity for filtering water.
I will be building my new sump in a 29g tall tank... even though my 7.5g commercial sump has never been insufficient. Bigger may be better but that doesn't mean smaller isn't very useful and productive.