I am intrigued by this subject and thank you for your thorough treatise. I am getting back into (silver) arowanas after 25 years of being out of it. I want to say, though it's been a while, I have no recollection of my silver arowanas in the 1980's having DE. Unfortunately, I haven't looked for any old photos to verify that memory. I can say, they never displayed severe DE because I would have been alarmed by that and remembered it to my own death bed. One of the charms of arowanas for me has always been their ability to move their eyes in all directions, so my eyes were always on their eyes. I kept 2 or 3 SA back then, all of which reached 24 inches. I am curious if there are any other oldtimers around here who remember way back then better than I do. Was DE a problem for others 25 years ago?
This brings me to the list of beliefs for causes of DE in the starting post and one in particular, a genetic cause. When I last kept SA, I think all or almost all were wild caught. If (is this true?) most today are captive bred, then a limited gene pool could enhance a particular genetic trait and make it widespread.
I have to disagree with one point made about a possible genetic origin:
6. Genetics would explain why silvers are very prone to DE while blacks are virtually immune to it even though they are both very similar. This would also prove why you cannot prevent or cure it.
A genetic origin does not necessarily mean an unpreventable or untreatable condition. I'll agree, in strictest terms it would mean uncurable, for a genetic origin, any successful treatment or modification to husbandry methods would likely need to be carried out for the life of the fish. A genetic trait may make an organism more suspectible to a condition but there may be countermeasures that can lessen the physical effect of that trait, even prevent its physical manifestation.
I have a new, now 12 inch long SA who does not yet display any DE. Now that I am aware of the condition, I will do some more research. I'd like to continue to see eye to eye with this little fella.