beneficial bacteria resides in the filters, and substrate.
- when you removed the stones, the bacteria under the stones was disturbed and waterborne, causing a spike in ammonia
- when you stopped the filter, the bacteria in the filter could no longer process the ammonia that was in the tank
- when you dumped in the sea sand, the PH rose quickly, causing PH shock. not cleaning the sand is also a factor.
- the toxicity of ammonia increases relative to PH, so as the PH shot up, the toxicity of the ammonia also shot up.
- a 65G tank for a 13" arowana, 7" BP, 9" FH, 2 african cichlids, is too small. their bioload is high meaning that they produce a lot of ammonia, especially in a smaller tank.
- stress caused from environmental changes (stones to sea sand)
so, stress from all the changes, plus a high bio-load from the fish, plus more bio from substrate disturbance, and no beneficial bacteria to filter the bio-load, plus increasing toxicity from the PH, plus PH shock are the likely reasons your fish died. by the time you moved your arowana it probably already had ammonia poisoning which is why it died the next day in your hospital tank.
next time, make any changes with your tank incrementally. and make sure to have your filter running at all times. that is probably the only thing you should not put off. you can procrastinate feeding, water changes, substrate changes, a broken heater, a broken light. but do not procrastinate a malfunctioning filter.
(also, when you turn off your filter the beneficial bacteria will go stale in your filter after a few hours).
- when you removed the stones, the bacteria under the stones was disturbed and waterborne, causing a spike in ammonia
- when you stopped the filter, the bacteria in the filter could no longer process the ammonia that was in the tank
- when you dumped in the sea sand, the PH rose quickly, causing PH shock. not cleaning the sand is also a factor.
- the toxicity of ammonia increases relative to PH, so as the PH shot up, the toxicity of the ammonia also shot up.
- a 65G tank for a 13" arowana, 7" BP, 9" FH, 2 african cichlids, is too small. their bioload is high meaning that they produce a lot of ammonia, especially in a smaller tank.
- stress caused from environmental changes (stones to sea sand)
so, stress from all the changes, plus a high bio-load from the fish, plus more bio from substrate disturbance, and no beneficial bacteria to filter the bio-load, plus increasing toxicity from the PH, plus PH shock are the likely reasons your fish died. by the time you moved your arowana it probably already had ammonia poisoning which is why it died the next day in your hospital tank.
next time, make any changes with your tank incrementally. and make sure to have your filter running at all times. that is probably the only thing you should not put off. you can procrastinate feeding, water changes, substrate changes, a broken heater, a broken light. but do not procrastinate a malfunctioning filter.
(also, when you turn off your filter the beneficial bacteria will go stale in your filter after a few hours).
They've been in that tank, not just moved to that tank.