there is no benificial bacteria it the water column
thats a myth, the good bacteria stay clung to things such as your bio media, gravel, sand driftwood, etc, etc.
bacteria in the water column is not a good thing becasue that bacteria is the BAD kind, that can affect the health and well being of the fish.
most fish can take temp fluctuation easily
its the extreme that will kill them.
but say you only do a water change of 20% once a week and then you all of a sudden do a 50% water change, the parameters between the tank and tap water and very differnet to the almost extreme, and that why you get fish that die of shock.
best to keep up on adaquate water change percentages so the parameters are not so different. so you get cleaner water and healthier fishes