I would not waste your money on a 100g tank, that is a short-term solution to the long-term problem of your fish's potential size. You would need more like a 400g tank to properly house the fish you currently have. Arowana get to 3 feet long, they really need a huge tank. I know the guy at the store probably told you a 100g would be fine, but the sad truth is that he either didn't know, or lied to make a sale.
I would say the problem with your water is because of these factors:
1. Too many large fish for a 50 gallon tank.
2. Not enough filtration. As explained, the "rating" for a 75 gallon tank doesn't mean much, I find that no matter the rating a single HOB filter tends to not provide adequate filtration.
3. Feeders are messy food source. I understand your fish are predators and some may not eat prepared food- but I would recommend trying to train them to eat pellets. The goldfish are very messy and can give your fish diseases.
4. Not enough water changes. How often you need to change the water depends on the bioload of the tank- your bioload is very high, because of the large fish, underfiltration, and messy feeding. So I would recommend more like 2x a week 50% water changes as a minimum.
Good job for putting the time in to ask questions and understand the needs of these fish. A lot of us have given you solid advice here- I hope you choose to follow it.
Best of luck