Basically, add ammonia ---> growing autotrophic bacteria which create nitrites ---> growing nitrobacter which create nitrates.
If you continue to add small amount of food the process will progress naturally and small amounts of food will get eaten and not lead to either fish death, bacteria death, or heterotrophic blooms. Measuring the water will give you some idea or where you are. When you see nitrates appear, you know that you have both of the good bacteria growing in the tank.
I'm sure others can add input to help suggest a time estimate or way to short cut the process, but one way as has been suggested is to get some filter material from a mature tank and add it to your filter. That would jump start the process a bit faster.