My short answer is ime not really, no. Give them good nutrition, good water, a suitable size tank without any undue stresses and (barring an incident of a health issue), they'll do just fine. Of course, individual growth will vary according to genetic and other factors.
My long answer:
Does the time and energy involved in holding, rearing, or protecting fry affect growth? Ehh... maybe to some degree, not something I've seen that much personally (and I've done a lot of fish breeding). But is it that simple?
If you were to do some science or professional aquaculture reading on the subject you'd find it's not as simple as some people understand it, not as simple as: energy is needed to produce eggs, therefore producing eggs reduces growth.
My long answer:
Does the time and energy involved in holding, rearing, or protecting fry affect growth? Ehh... maybe to some degree, not something I've seen that much personally (and I've done a lot of fish breeding). But is it that simple?
If you were to do some science or professional aquaculture reading on the subject you'd find it's not as simple as some people understand it, not as simple as: energy is needed to produce eggs, therefore producing eggs reduces growth.
- Some appear to overlook the fact that at sexual maturity, whatever the age in an individual female, she's producing eggs no matter whether she's spawning or actually producing fry, the same as males are producing sperm no matter whether there are females with which to spawn.
- Studies on the subject have shown that-- all else being equal-- younger, smaller females generally produce fewer and sometimes lower quality (less nutrient dense) eggs than larger, more mature females. In other words, energy that is still being used for growth in younger females is unavailable for producing eggs. Older females are using less energy for growth, which becomes available for reproduction. So nature (biology) works to balance this out.
- Other factors affect growth and reproduction besides simply egg production or fry rearing, some of the big ones are diet, stress, and captive conditions of the fish (such as temperature, stocking levels, etc.). There's been a lot of aquaculture science done on this, especially including dietary and nutritional factors.
- Biochemical growth pathways have been found to be quite a bit more complex than biochemical reproductive pathways. Gets technical, more than what I've taken time to study, but the basic point is a lot of factors are involved in growth-- nutritionally, environmentally, and biochemically. With so much of it beyond the scope of the average fishkeeper, it's almost unavoidable that we oversimplify some things.
- Other not so natural factors are also involved, including chemicals in the water supply that can disrupt or alter the fish's normal biochemistry, growth, and reproduction. This logically varies somewhat by location, water source, etc.