IMO and experience head trauma is at least a trigger for DE. It may also be the arowana can't recover from such because of the lack of use of the muscle around the eyes, which seems to be much more the case with silvers. Blacks, asians and aussies may be more apt to recover from the trauma.
As for the arowana looking down or up, well I have two perfect 27"+ black arowana, no DE. Neither of these two fish look up or down, their focus is forward. They may catch something with peripheral vision, but do tilt up or down to investigate such.
Wow wonder why beach balls work yet ping pong balls have been dispelled as a myth.
so it is the lack of eye exercise that causes DE ? Meaning an Arowana in a bare tank is more likely to develop DE, then a planted or decorated one ?