It was believed that a genus of flagellated protozoa (some call it an opportunistic parasite) causes it. Usually introduced by feeders. When treated, parasites reduced but there is no obvious improvement on the condition.
When diet is supplemented with vitamins, especially C & D3, vast improvement can be seen (with good water quality). IMO, stress weakens the immune system & results in the advent of the disease. With a balanced diet & good water quality, you'll not face this problem.
Activated Carbon is specially heated/treated (not charcoal). It ABSORBS colour, chemicals, chlorine, organic compounds, toxins. It also has the greatest surface area (due to the heating process) for beneficial bacteria to colonise so that they can convert ammonia to NO2 to NO3 to nitrogen gas (Nitrogen cycle). It is the best filtration media to start-up a new system and to remove medication after treatment. Unfortunately, it has a short lifespan and is not reusable. No one can tell for certain how long it will last, it all depends on the load or amount of a.carbon used. Only guileline is, when u wash the carbon & u don't see black particles or black cloudy water, its useless. When exhausted, it will release the "waste" back into the water. This is very dangerous, the fish will be stressed and immune system down. This will then become the parasites' "buffet" and may be the reason why some associate Holes in the head with carbon. It is best to change them every 7 days. It is good to use it as a long term media, but it is very costly.
by: Kelvin Fong www.arowana.com
When diet is supplemented with vitamins, especially C & D3, vast improvement can be seen (with good water quality). IMO, stress weakens the immune system & results in the advent of the disease. With a balanced diet & good water quality, you'll not face this problem.
Activated Carbon is specially heated/treated (not charcoal). It ABSORBS colour, chemicals, chlorine, organic compounds, toxins. It also has the greatest surface area (due to the heating process) for beneficial bacteria to colonise so that they can convert ammonia to NO2 to NO3 to nitrogen gas (Nitrogen cycle). It is the best filtration media to start-up a new system and to remove medication after treatment. Unfortunately, it has a short lifespan and is not reusable. No one can tell for certain how long it will last, it all depends on the load or amount of a.carbon used. Only guileline is, when u wash the carbon & u don't see black particles or black cloudy water, its useless. When exhausted, it will release the "waste" back into the water. This is very dangerous, the fish will be stressed and immune system down. This will then become the parasites' "buffet" and may be the reason why some associate Holes in the head with carbon. It is best to change them every 7 days. It is good to use it as a long term media, but it is very costly.
by: Kelvin Fong www.arowana.com
