it works like for the rest of the house... by heat exchangers into the ground.
I have a wood pellets boiler for the house. I have made install a bypass from it especially for the tank. I have a temperature sensor into the tank. At a set temperature under 25°C into the tank, a solenoid valve opens and warm water (40°C, configurable) begins to circulate in the tubes of the tank's basement. When the temperature sensor indicates that the good temperature level is reached, the circuit is closed. Moreover, I have a venting system enslaved by a hygrometer. At the set humidity level (70% these days), the fan starts until the humidity falls back to 69.99 %
I still don't know how much pellets I use in more for this one, cause the installation only works from September 2011. But believe me, it can't be worst than before ! I had several tanks at 28-32 °C electricaly heated, without any insolation of the fishroom and I live at 1040 meters above see, in the Pre-Alps... Winters are rude...
Anecdote : in mi-2006, right after our moving around here, I received a phone from the electricity supplier. He thought they made an error setting up my counter. I had the power consumption of 6 families of 4 persons ! They came to "check the counter"... and they came with the local police ! I guess they intend to find a cultivation of cannabis or something...
I made several changes :
- insolation of the fishroom
- reduced the numbers of tanks (ok, for a much bigger one, but anyway, it counts)
- upgraded the efficiency of the mechanical venting
- set up hygrometer & heating configurable systems
we'll talk about money next year, after a while with this system...