definitely agree with Gars, Snakeheads, Bowfins, Lungfish, Eels, Polypterus and all the Ancient fish - they never evolved from "Ancient" because they never needed to. Also Convicts without a doubt - remarkable little creatures.
My 2 cents = Jewel Cichlids can survive conditions just as extreme as Convicts, and Jaguars can do the same if raised from fry to tolerate it. Many CA cichlids are phenomenally resilient. Green Sunfish and Rockbass can also survive nearly anything other fish would not. However I think my #1 pick would have to be the Flathead Catfish.....built like tanks, will eat anything they can fit in their mouths, incredibly hardy to water parameters, and even though they have no lung , I have personally witnessed them surviving 9 HOURS out of water and these were just little 26",27" and 28" juveniles. Imagine how long a 60-70lb fish could