I tried posting about this same type of thing on my hystrix, except I couldn't get pics to turn out as well as yours does! I never figured out what the cause was either. My male hystrix, in the same tank, does not have them, and the female has them all over (they are popping up more since the first one started), and they are in a pattern running around her disk, too. Our water is hard, but I'm not sure if it would be the cause....? I have no answers, either. Just wanted to let you know that you aren't alone!