Hello;
The poles being described are made of metal tubes with a threaded bolt and a flat metal plate on top. They are often long, eight feet or more. They are placed in intervals, often in a full basement, to provide support for a main floor beam to which the other floor joists are attached. I suppose that you could cut them to make them fit in a three foot space. There may also be some that are short enough, that is something I have never looked for. They are meant to be permanent and the threaded bolt will snug up to the floor. The diameter of the poles will vary depending on the weight they are designed to carry
There may also be some other sort of pre-made device to do the same thing at the hardware stores. You might ask at a store.
Look under the floor again. My guess is that there are pillars of some sort spaced out under there that support the floor. You might get lucky and have one of those under the floor where you plan to put the tank. If so that could be one of the support columns you need.
Also to consider is placing the tank along a wall and with the long length running perpendicular to the floor joists. In this case the foundation under the wall will support the extra weight. This will reduce the number of new supports that you will have to add to the area in front of the tank.
Considering the amount of weight you posted about, it may be a good idea to sister (fasten new boards onto the sides of the joists that are already there.) some extra floor joists under the area of the floor. This will help carry the extra weight to which ever type of support you decide to use.
It may be in your best interest to hire someone to brace the floor. From your posts it appears that you have limited experience with this sort of thing. You also appear to be considering a tank of over 6000 pounds (if I read correctly), which is a lot of weight. It may well be that whatever supports you decide to use will require a new footer be put into the ground. This could mean digging a hole a couple of feet deep and pouring cement in it. A hard task in a three foot crawl space.
At any rate you are asking the right questions. I agree with the others that you do not want to use hydraulic jacks. There are screw jacks that consist of thick metal with a hefty threaded shaft that extends from around a foot to maybe 18 inches, at least the one that I have is this size. They could be left in place, but are pricey. Good luck