I dont think there is any eay to get away with 12 gauge sheet metal.
It will bow and bend, youd have to brace it every foot in the back and sides. You prolly want 3"x 1/2" angle for the corners. Id run 1" square schedule 40 braces. Meaning youd have to weld a strip of 1/2" x 3" onto the outside piece of the Angle, to be able to weld the braces properly.
You will also need to brace the Sides in the same fashion, except you will want to run a additional piece of schd 40 x 1" lenght ways from front to back in the middle, on the sides to keep the frame from bowing. Steel is strong but 520 gallons is 3744 Pounds. I believe the frame will bow with out the front to back brace on the side.
Now if you were to go with 1/4" sheets, you be able to get way with probally only on brace in the back and none on the sides. IF it is WELDED all the way around, all seems welded(waterTight).
Then coat it with whatever epoxy you choose to seal, put your glass in, and you should have a strong ass tank. Fill it and figure out your filtration.