Well being in North Dakota and my 4ft pond by 15ft long froze solid the first year lost a handful of feeder gold fish. Got a stock tank heat and built a filter with a small pump just to make water move. Had koi all winter with a carp from the river by house and no issues. Koi and carp slow their body functions down to pretty much just floating. A predator fish will need to eat or it will die. We catch catfish threw the ice so they dont go dormant. Not sure if it helps but thats my experience.