Interesting. I have two current usa pumps, the 1900 and 3100 gph models and they do produce that whine or ringing as you describe, especially louder at higher power. But yours sounds particularly loud...the only time I've heard mine that loud is with the 3100 on full power.
I have the 1900 gph mounted to a bulkhead inside the sump so that its suspended in the water just above the bottom. I think this helps with the noise. Its possible that with yours resting on the bottom that the sound is actually amplified a bit, resonating through the glass.
As far as the plumbing goes, I would lower the strainer a bit again, not as low as the first time you set it up, maybe an inch or so lower, so the top of the strainer is a little below the weir. Too low and you'll have a waterfall as you've found out, too high and its easier for air to get in.
What is your water level in sump/pump section? I've always found that the more water you have in the sump the easier it is to fine tune your plumbing and its actually easier on your pump too. I always fill the sump as much as possible, leaving just enough room to not flood in a power outage.
How are your drains coming into the sump? They should be submerged well below the waterline imo. if the drains are not submerged, air will get in and you will have gurgling and not be able to tune the sump for a consistent flow.
For the record, I do not like baffled sumps for freshwater setups. I constructed one before but got frustrated with many problems, namely the pump section running dry too fast because the baffles restricted flow. I only think they are really advantageous in marine setups where you would need to isolate different equipment and control the water level in each section.