1) Get an alarm system. It doesn't have to be a high end alarm system, possibly just a motion sensor by a door with a loud alarm. If a screamer goes off, most intruders will leave. If you can't do this, then at least go get a security system sign (you've seen the APX, brinks, etc signs everywhere). you'd be surprised what a sign and some stickers can do. MOST thieves want and easy pay day, so they will look for greener pastures.
2) What state do you live in? This will determine what attitude your state law enforcement will have in regards to gun control. If you don't plan on carrying, you can skip the permit. You have no need to conceal or carry your weapon, just leave it in your home. I would skip the idea of a pistol (the only real need for a CCL) in favor of a pump shotgun. Easy to load, easy to aim, doesn't go through walls the same as pistols/rifles, and the sound of a shell getting rammed home would be terrifying for an intruder in a dark house, I would imagine.