Many people keep there silvers in a 180g as you have described for life. IMO I believe that arowanas need to be kept in tanks that are 3x there length and have a width equal to that of the aros length. So that being said your tank would be good for a 24" silver aro. I also believe you can cheat a bit, i.e. a 27" would be Ok in the stated tank, but eventually the upgrade is needed.
Silver aros grow on average 1 to 1.5" per month upto the 24" mark. Once they reach 24" most have their growth slow to 1 or 2" per year. So it is likely your 4" will reach 24" in about 18 months and may only grow another 3" in the following 18 months. So I would say that you have at least 2 years and maybe 3 years before needing to move your arowana.
Silver aros grow on average 1 to 1.5" per month upto the 24" mark. Once they reach 24" most have their growth slow to 1 or 2" per year. So it is likely your 4" will reach 24" in about 18 months and may only grow another 3" in the following 18 months. So I would say that you have at least 2 years and maybe 3 years before needing to move your arowana.