My substrate is pretty much what you mentioned. Sand, river rocks, lots of different types of leaf litter, twigs, broken coconuts and various seed pods.can i get soem lower layer tips?
What do you have on the bottom, rocks, alge, leaves, twigs, and coconuts?
also what a cheap, no plant, way to connect the top and bottom of my aquarium
I never remove anything from the substrate. I let everything break down and decay back into the substrate. I'm quite regularly topping it back up with leaves and twigs as the previous ones break down.
I will probably be frowned upon for this but I never vac/syphon my substrate in this tank. I do water changes of 50%per week and I clean my 2 canister filters every 2weeks. I do believe in these type of sets ups with smaller fish and plants, the need to syphon is somewhat unnecessary.
This neglect of the substrate all contributes to a more realistic setting and seems to have no detrimental effect to my water quality.
I would not be so confident in this approach with larger messier fish like Oscars for example.
The cheapest way I have found to fill a tanks background, without using plants. Is to collect my own branches. Its best not to think too small here. Get really thick branches. The ones in my tank are about a foot in diameter. I cut them down to the height of the internal measurement of my tank. I then wedged them in place.
The branches I used were beech.
They are completely free and a great way to fill up your tank.
Apistogramma I have are trifasciata.1 male and 3 females.