Substrat Pro: 20,000 sqft/gal surface area.
Pot scrubbers ca. 60 sqft/gal.
That is with new media. Have you ever noticed that the bottom of a cannister filter that is used in a tank with no substrate has a bunch of gunk in the bottom? Have you ever felt it between your fingers? Did you notice any grit in it? Part of the decomposition of the waste leaves just the minerals that were in the undecomposed stuff. Also mineral precipitation from the water. Those minerals over time will build up in and clog the very small pores in the media. Over time the ceramic media becomes a rock. Also you can compress the hell out of a gallon of scrubbers in a cannister and at least double the surface area. Actually foam is the best. It is either Fluval or Eheim, I don't remember which, recommends replacing ceramic media annualy for this very reason.
