Pros and Cons:
Sumps:
Pros: increased water volume of the system (waste builds up at a slower rate), ease of cleaning mechanical filtration, lots of space for media and customization, as much flow as your overflows/fish can handle depending on your pump, can hide equipment like heaters, lots of oxygenation in the system, can isolate a fish if injured quickly and easily
Cons: must be plumbed yourself (with drilled holes in the tank or HOB overflows), potential for overflow if not set up properly, some can't really be moved without breaking down entire tank, can be very loud without some fancy overflow mods
Canisters:
Pros: plug and play, some models have large media capacity and decent flow rates, takes up minimal room under a stand, can be moved from tank to tank easily, generally quiet
Cons: can be a pain to clean, relatively expensive to run large systems, priming initially or after cleaning on some models is not fun, missing many of the pros that sumps have, can have issues with sand/impeller, some models lose a lot of flow when dirty
HOB:
Pros: cheap, popular models are pretty reliable, very easy to clean and access, easily moved around or broken down, generally plug and play or easier to prime than canisters, does not require any space under stand
Cons: even the largest models are not very big, limited media capacity, some models have a fair amount of bypass, "waterfall" sound, can have issues with sand/impeller
Sponge:
Pros: extremely cheap, safe for fry, lots of oxygenation, easily moved and great for seeding other tanks, beneficial bacteria colony is in tank and can be run with back up battery air pump, relatively large amount of beneficial bacteria capacity
Cons: "ugly", will clog eventually (especially if sole form of filtration on the tank), easier to clean than canister but still takes some effort, not really feasible as the sole form of filtration on monster tanks
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