Oh man, I feel your pain. A few weeks ago I did the same thing but not as bad. Was the first time its happened to me in 5 years of fish keeping though..
I only got a little water in my mouth but it was enough to make me want to hurl...spent the next couple minutes hocking up and spitting out anything I could, followed by 5 minutes of rinsing my mouth out with mouthwash and brushing my teeth for another 5 minutes.
I bought a 25' Python No Spill Clean N' Fill the next day (well actually I had ordered this online a few days earlier), best $23 I ever spent!
edit: I normally only use buckets for adding water. I forget why, but I had wanted tank water in the bucket (probably to hold bio-media while I did filter maintenance). I had my old siphon connected to a garden hose that ran under my deck, so gravity would start the siphon for me, usually.
I was transferring water from tank to tank with my cousins python thing(tho I think its from aqueon), couldn't see where the water was going and I ended up with mucus in my mouth
a good way to start a siphon if you dont have the $50 one from pet smart is to use a hose, turn it on as if you are filling your tank, wait for the air to get pushed out, then turn off the water and unscrew the end attached to the spicket keeping the open end in the tank. this should start a siphon and it work very well and prevents sucking dirty water into your lungs...