Great read! Very informative. Do you have knowledge or advice on sexing differences in Heros species?
In efasciatus, notatus, rotkeil, Inirida, and the other undescribed varieties, the males will have striation and/or spotting on the gill covers and across the bridge of the nose. Females will have a solid or mostly solid face with no markings.
In liberifer, males typically have small black freckles on the gills while females have few to none. I have seen males with none so it's not 100%. My pair from Atabapo both had solid faces with no freckles, but my pair from the Negro had spotting on the male and none on the female.
In severus, males have profuse dark maroon striation/spotting on the gill covers and nose. Females may have solid faces, or they may have faint red striation/spotting like males which fades to a solid face in spawning coloration.
In the tank bred "super red" variety, females have a mostly solid red face while the males have clearly defined striation.